2013年9月30日星期一

中国茉莉花革命: 上海自贸区能带来哪些实惠?

中国茉莉花革命
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上海自贸区能带来哪些实惠?
Sep 29th 2013, 20:14, by 茉莉花义工

上海自由贸易区正式挂牌成立。从同年8月中下旬国务院正式批准设立开始,上海自贸区在大约一个月的时间里一路以"中国速度"从政策公文变为现实。它能给老百姓带来怎样的实惠呢?
Aerial night view of skyline of the Lujiazui Financial District with the Shanghai Tower, tallest, under construction, next to the Shanghai World Financial Center, center, Jinmao Tower and other skyscrapers and high-rise buildings in Pudong, Shanghai, China, 3 Aug 2013. A topping-out ceremony was held Saturday for Chinas tallest building in the financial hub of Shanghai when the final beam was hoisted to the top of the skyscraper and installed in a flag-waving ritual. At 632 meters (2,073 feet), the Shanghai Tower in the citys Pudong district is the worlds second-tallest building, surpassed only by Dubais Burj Khalifa, which soars 829.8 meters (2,722 feet). After the ceremony, workers will move onto the buildings interior construction. Once it is completed next year, the Shanghai Tower will have retail and office space, a luxury hotel and likely a museum. Designed by U.S. architectural firm Gensler, the glass-and-steel, 121-story building takes on a transparent and spiral form.
(德国之声中文网)中国官方媒体新华社于当天发表文章称,29日正式挂牌的中国上海自贸试验区引发世界关注。其原因在于,全球化时代,经济大国的重大改革创新,不仅具有国内示范意义,更具备国际战略意义。"对于中国而言,能否在后金融危机时代的国际改革竞赛中胜出,实现经济奇迹"第二季",上海自贸区是一项具有风向标意义的关键举措。"
 Container trucks drive past the container area at the Yangshan Deep Water Port, part of the newly announced Shanghai Free Trade Zone, south of Shanghai September 26, 2013. China has formally announced detailed plans for a new free-trade zone (FTZ) in Shanghai, touted as the country's biggest potential economic reform since Deng Xiaoping used a similar zone in Shenzhen to pry open a closed economy to trade in 1978. In an announcement on Friday from the State Council, or cabinet, China said it will open up its largely sheltered services sector to foreign competition in the zone and use it as a testbed for bold financial reforms, including a convertible yuan and liberalized interest rates. Economists consider both areas key levers for restructuring the world's second-largest economy and putting it on a more sustainable growth path. Picture taken on September 26, 2013. REUTERS/Carlos Barria (CHINA - Tags: POLITICS BUSINESS INDUSTRIAL TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY)上海自贸区的物流配套设施已经发展成熟
中国东部海岸这个由多个免税区组成的自由贸易区还拥有一座国际机场和一个深水港。在这里安家落户的首批来自19个行业的企业机构囊括金融和文化等产业,它们在这里将不受中国现有政策对其他地区企业的管制。
在这个区域里,各种国际交易业务中的人民币汇率将首次实现市场化。为了防止针对人民币的投机行为,中国其他地区不允许人民币和外币自由兑换。政府制定的汇率让人民币可以脱离由市场供需关系所决定的定价机制。多年来世界多国都指责称,中国政府通过这种做法人为压低人民币汇率,降低出口成本,"中国制造"在国际市场中比他国产品更具竞争优势。
按照国务院的规划,上海自贸区内将实验性的推行利率市场化,简化外国投资审批程序。但是,这些以及其他自贸区内优惠政策的有效期都首先被限制在3年以内。
自贸区给老百姓带来的实惠
Xbox One is shown on display during a press event unveiling Microsoft's new Xbox in Redmond, Washington May 21, 2013. REUTERS/Nick Adams (UNITED STATES - Tags: SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY ENTERTAINMENT)上海自贸区让几大游戏机在中国被解禁
上海自贸区带来的不仅仅只是金融领域的市场自由化改革。在文化方面,也有令中国人期待的许多"小亮点"。在自贸区挂牌成立的当天,文化部下发通知,明确了对接上海自由贸易试验区总体方案的若干工作细则。其中包括允许在试验区内设立外资经营的演出经纪机构、演出场所经营单位,为上海市提供服务;允许在试验区内设立外资经营的娱乐场所;允许外资企业在试验区内从事游戏游艺设备的生产和销售。
与中国经济改革转型试点,深圳2.0等宏大话题相比,中国老百姓更关注的则是上海自贸区究竟能为日常生活带来哪些实惠。根据中国《新闻晨报》记者与自贸区发言人之间的问答对话,能够发现上海自贸区给老百姓带来的实惠主要集中在以下几个方面:
首先,伴随自贸区的发展,商品的销售成本可能会逐步下降。老百姓有可能慢慢的能花更少的钱买国际名牌服装首饰和箱包。也能在自贸区内看到还没有进入中国市场的许多进口商品。对于中国为数不少的电子游戏玩家来说,自贸区的成立也意味着微软Xbox、索尼Playstation、任天堂Wii等游戏机能够正式进入中国市场。而且所有这些商品也可以通过"海淘"的方式通过物流公司直接送到消费者手中。另外,老百姓在自贸区内能够以"比沃尔玛等超市"更加优惠的价格购买进口葡萄酒。但前提是必须以"几十箱"的数目大量购买。
在文化服务领域,取消对外资演出和娱乐经纪机构的限制意味着中国老百姓能够欣赏到更多国际明星的表演,体验更多原汁原味的国外娱乐项目。在医疗健康领域,自贸区"允许设立外商独资医疗机构",这意味着老百姓未来在自贸区能享受外资的医疗服务,包括综合医院、专科医院和门诊服务。也可以直接购买外资健康医疗保险机构提供的各种保险服务。
自贸区概念狂欢后的失望
A visitor looks at handbags on display during the Louis Vuitton Voyages exhibition at the National Museum of China in Beijing, China, 31 May 2011. As Louis Vuitton marks its 20th anniversary on the Chinese Mainland, the French luxury giant teamed up with the National Museum of China in Beijing to present Voyages, the museums second major exhibition since the completion of its three-year-long renovation. Marking the National Museums first partnership with any brand, Voyages, which runs from May 29 to August 30, focuses on Louis Vuittons historical association with travel, with the show heavy on luggage and handbags. Photo: Imaginechina  自贸区内的"名牌包包"不会马上大幅度降价
让部分中国民众感到有所失望的是,自贸区并没有带来预期中的人民币完全自由兑换。个人金融理财领域市场化和自由化的规定也非常模糊,让人看不到近期内获利的可能性。与香港报纸《南华早报》报道的不同,国务院下达的政策条文中也没有在自贸区中为中国的互联网管制"松绑"。该报之前曾报道称,像脸书(Facebook)、推特(Twitter)等目前被中国政府屏蔽的网站在自贸区内将得以解禁。
法新社29日发表报道称,在这一自由贸易区内,中国共产党领导的政府首先可以试验承诺已久的结构性改革。如果效果理想,再向中国其他地区推广。鉴于目前这一世界上第二大经济体的发展速度放缓,政府必须改变依靠投资促进经济发展的思路。
法新社表示,今年3月新上任的中国总理李克强是上海自贸区强有力的支持者。外界猜测,今年11月份即将召开的十八届三中全会上,中国政府将进一步推出一系列经济改革措施。

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