2013年10月3日星期四

中国茉莉花革命: “巨大的倒退”:新领导下的“毛复兴”

中国茉莉花革命
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"巨大的倒退":新领导下的"毛复兴"
Oct 2nd 2013, 23:00, by 茉莉花义工

毛泽东死了,但他还活着。中国领导人不去反思毛泽东的错误,反而对他高呼万岁。观察家们认为这是一个"巨大的倒退"
China's President Xi Jinping (blue tie, L-R), Premier Li Keqiang and Chinese Communist Party top leaders stand in silent tribute as it rains during a tribute ceremony at the Monument to the People's Heroes, on the 64th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in Beijing October 1, 2013. China celebrates its National Day on Tuesday. REUTERS/Jason Lee (CHINA - Tags: POLITICS ANNIVERSARY)
(德国之声中文网)豆大的雨点打在这位权力最高的中国领导人身上。不过,在北京天安门广场参加国庆典礼的习近平却不动声色,将花篮端正地摆放在近40米高的"人民英雄纪念碑"前。当童声合唱团献上一首讴歌共产党的歌时,习近平打起一把黑伞,举目远眺。在偌大的广场另一头,毛泽东1949年用带着湖南口音的颤抖的声音宣布:"中国人民从此站起来了。"即便毛泽东的名字并不时时出现,但他其实无处不在。
China's President Xi Jinping takes down his umbrella next to Premier Li Keqiang (R) before they and other Chinese Communist Party top leaders stand in silent tribute as it rains during a tribute ceremony at the Monument to the People's Heroes, on the 64th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China, in Beijing October 1, 2013. China celebrates its National Day on Tuesday. REUTERS/Jason Lee (CHINA - Tags: POLITICS ANNIVERSARY)国庆典礼上的中国领导人
逝世近40年后,这位中国共产党的"伟大领袖"又回到了现实生活中。党和国家主席习近平掀起了一场意识形态运动,要求他的党深刻地整顿党风,并且犹如文革中一般让国家干部们在会上展开"批评和自我批评"。但是,夺取百万人生命的毛时代的阴暗面却没有人提及。
恰恰相反。"我们的红色江山永不变色",习近平不久前这样强调。6米半高、5米宽的毛泽东画像高高地悬挂在通向帝王宫殿的天安门城门上。这是中国拍照最多的景点。毛泽东像被作为吉祥物挂在出租车后视镜上,在毛泽东逝世25年后,2001年发行的人民币纸币从一元到100元,正面都是毛泽东的头像。
"毛泽东领导模式的复辟"
德国弗莱堡大学的丹尼尔·莱瑟(Daniel Leese)指出,中国从未像今天这样远离对毛泽东的反思。这位对毛主义进行了研究的青年教授对德新社表示:"政府拉紧了缰绳。我对中国现在搞的意识形态的一套感到非常震惊。"
** ADVANCE FOR TUESDAY, DEC. 26 ** A bank clerk shows a new 20 renminbi (then 2.40 U.S. dollars) note, bearing a portrait of Mao Zedong, founder of the People's Republic of China, Oct. 20, 2000 at Bank of China in Shanghai. The new note started circulating Oct. 16 officially to replace old 1 and 2 renminbi notes. Was Mao a monster or an authentic Chinese hero? Historians, journalists and many Chinese are still pondering these questions at the 113th anniversary of the birth of Mao, father of communist China. Mao was born on Dec. 26, 1893. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko)毛泽东的头像无处不在
人们不仅不去反思毛统治下的阴暗面,反而进一步将这位领导人神化。莱瑟认为,现在发起的这场运动是一个大倒退。从电视上,人们可以看到习近平"坐镇"党员的批评与自我批评讨论会。干部们就像吓坏了的小学生一般在会上比赛谁的自我批评更严厉。莱瑟说,这是毛泽东领导模式的复辟。
"重新评价毛泽东几乎不可能"
自由派评论家章立凡认为,习近平的政策是在人民中以及党内巩固权力。他对中共领导层的担忧分析说,重新评价毛泽东会动摇党的合法性,如果重新评价毛,那么党就会失去已有的地位。
章立凡说,共产党的合法性并没有得到确定,它其实没有执政权,也不能高于国家。但事实上它高于法律,并且决定中国的事务。尽管中国领导层陷入改革迫在眉睫的窘境,但是"重新评价毛泽东对中共来说几乎是不可能的"。他说,如果不进行改革,没有政治制度的变革,今后可能出现政治崩溃。
Paramilitary policemen look back while patrolling on the Tiananmen Sqaure in front of the late communist leader Mao Zedong's portrait in Beijing, China, Friday, Oct. 15, 2010. Chinese Communist Party Central Committee meetings open Friday in Beijing, which is expected to approve the economic blueprint for 2011-2015 that will promote policies to close yawning gaps between rich and poor and to encourage consumer spending as a new economic driver. (AP Photo/Alexander F. Yuan)"对习近平来说,毛更多是达到目的的手段"
莱瑟认为,对习近平来说,毛更多是达到目的的手段。"我不相信这只是机会主义。"他认为,习近平可能确实对毛泽东在权斗中的胜利感到折服,但现在对习近平的这场运动下断言还为时太早。到下一次庆典时,事态会更为明朗。"让我们看看毛泽东120周年冥诞会怎么庆祝",他说。在12月26日的庆祝活动上,习近平肯定会又一次来定调。

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